Last modified 16 February 2012
Animal Feeding Studies
Appenzeller L, Munley S, Hoban D, Sykes G, Malley L, Delaney B. (2008). Subchronic feeding study of herbicide-tolerant soybean DP-356043-5 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46:2201-2213.
Ash J, Novak C, Sheideler SE (2003) The fate of genetically modified protein from Roundup Ready soybeans in laying hens. J Appl Poult Res 12: 242-245.
Ash, J.A., S.E. Scheideler and C.L. Novak. 2000. The fate of genetically modified protein from Roundup Ready® soybeans in the laying hen. J. Poultry Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1):26. Abstract 111.
Bakke-Mckellep, A. M., Sanden, M., Danieli, A., Acierno, R., Hemre, G., Maffia, M., Krogdahl, A. (2008). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr fed genetically modified soybeans maize: Histological, digestive, metabolic, and immunological investigations. Research in Veterinary Science, 84, 395-408.
Brake DG, Evenson DP. (2004) A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development. Food and Chemical Toxicology 42:29-36.
Chesson A and Flachowsky G (2003) Transgenic plants in poultry nutrition. World’s Poultry Sci. J. 59: 201-207.
Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD, Randolph JH, Parker GR, Coffey RD, Laurent KM, Armstrong CL, Mikel WB, Stanisiewski EP, Hartnell GF. 2002. Soybean meal from Roundup Ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine. J Anim Sci. 80:708-15.
Delaney B, Appenzellar L, Munley S, Hoban D, Sykes G, Malley L, et al. (2008). Subchronic feeding study of high oleic acid soybeans (Event DP-305423-1) in Sprague-Dawley rats.Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46:3808-3817.
Jennings JC, Kolwyck DC, Kays SB, Whetsell AJ, Surber JB, Cromwell GL, Lirette RP, and Glenn KC (2003) Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed Roundup ready soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81: 1447-1455.
Hammond, B.G., J.L. Vicini, G.F. Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, E.H. Robinson, R.L. Fuchs, and S.R. Padgette. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish, and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126:717-727.
Hemre G-I, Sanden M, Bakke-McKellep AM, Sagstad A, Krogdahl Å. (2005) Growth, feed utilization and health of Atlantic salmo Salmo salar L. fed genetically modified compared to non-modified commercial hybrid soybeans. Aquaculture Nutrition 11:157-167.
Froystad MK, Lilleeng E, Bakke-Mckellep AM, Vekterud K, Hemr, G, Krogdahl A. (2008). Gene expression in distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed genetically modified soybean meal. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14, 204-214
Malatesta M, Biggiogera M, Manuali E, Rocchi MBL, Baldelli B, Gazzanelli G (2003) Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry 47:385-388.
Malatesta M, Boraldi F, Annovi G, Badelli B, Battistelli S, Biggiogera M, et al. (2008). A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing. Histochem Cell Biology, 130:967-977.
Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Gavaudan S, Rocchi MBL, Serafini S, Tiberi C, Gazzanelli G (2002) Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean (vol 27, pg 173, 2002). Cell Structure and Function 27:399.
Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Gavaudan S, Rocchi MBL, Serafini S, Tiberi C, Gazzanelli G (2002) Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Cell Structure and Function 27:173-180.
Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Rossi L, Battistelli S, Rocchi MBL, Tonucci F, Gazzanelli G (2002) Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Journal of Anatomy 201:409-415.
Malatesta M, Tiberi C, Baldelli B, Battistelli S, Manuali E, Biggiogera M (2005) Reversibility of hepatocyte nuclear modifications in mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry 49:237-241.
McNaughton J, Roberts M, Smith B, Rice D, Hinds M, Sanders C, et al. (2008). Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing event DP-305423-1, nontransgenic near- isoline control, or commercial reference soybean meal, hulls, and oil. Poultry Science, 87:2549-2561.
Phipps RH, Beever DE, Humphries DJ (2002) Dectection of transgenic DNA in milk from cows receiving herbicide tolerant (CP4EPSPS) soyabean meal. Livestock Production Science 74: 269-273.
Phipps RH, Deaville ER, Maddison BC (2003) Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in rumen fluid, duodenal digesta, milk, blood, and feces of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 86: 4070-4078.
Sakamoto, Y., Y. Tada, N. Fukumori, K. Tayama, H. Ando, H. Takahashi, Y. Kubo, A. Nagasawa, N. Yano, K. Yuzawa, A. Ogata, and H. Kamimura, 2007, A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats: Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, v. 48, p. 41-50.
Sakamoto Y, Tada Y, Fukumori N, Tayama K, Ando H, Takahashi H, Kub, Y, Nagasawa A, Yano N, Yuzawa K, Ogata A. (2007). A 104-Week Feeding Study of Genetically Modified Soybeans in F344 Rats. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, 49:272-282.
Sanden M, Bruce IJ, Rahman MA, Hemre G-I. (2004) The fate of transgenic sequences present in genetically modified plant products in fish feed, investigating the survival of GM soybean DNA fragments during feeding trials in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture 237: 391-405.
Shim, S., Choi, M., Park, S., Gu, Y., Oh, J., Kim, S., Kim, H., Kim, G., Lee, Y. (2009). Assessing the digestibility of genetically modified soybean; physiologically based in vitro digestion and fermentation model. Food Research International, 43:40-45.
Vecchio L, Cisterna B, Malatesta M, Martin TE, Biggiogera M. (2004) Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry 48:449-453.
Zhu Y, Li D, Wang F, Yin J, and Jin H. (2004) Nutritional assessement and fate of DNA of soybean meal from Roundup Ready or conventional soybeans using rats. Arch. Animal Nutr. 58:295-310.
Return to top
Biology & Agronomy
Benbrook, Charles M., 2001. Troubled Times Amid Commercial Success for Roundup Ready Soybeans.Glyphosate Efficacy is Slipping and Unstable Transgene Expression Erodes Plant Defenses and Yields. AgBioTech Info Net Technical Paper Number 4.
Benbrook, Charles M., 1999. Evidence of the Magnitude and Consequences of the Roundup Ready Soybean Yield Drag from University-Based Varietal Trials in 1998. AgBioTech Info Net Technical Paper Number 1.
Bott, S., Tesfamariam, T., Candan, H., Cakmak, I., Romheld, V., & Neumann, G. 2008. Glyphosate-induced impairment of plant growth and micronutrient status in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Soil, 312, 185-194.
Carpenter, Janet E.(2001) Comparing Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean Yields 1999. National Center for Food and Agriculture Policy.
Casabe, N., Piola, L., Fuchs, J., Oneto, M., Pamparato, L., Basack, S., Gimenez, R., Massaro, R., Papa, J., and Kensten, E. (2007). Ectoxicological assessment of the effects of glyphosate and chlorpyrifos in an Argentine soya field. J Soils Sediment, 7: 232-239.
Delannay, X., T.W. Bauman, D.H. Beighley, M.J. Buettner, H.D. Coble, M.S. DeFelice, C.W. Derting, T.J. Diedrick, J.L Griffen, E. S. Hagood, F.G. Hancock, S.E. Hart, B.J. LaVallee, M.M. Loux, W.E. Lueschen, K.W. Matson, C.K. Moots, E. Murdock, A.D. Nickell, M.D.K. Owen, E.H. Paschall II, L.M. Prochaska, P.J. Raymond, D.B. Reynolds, D.B. Rhodes, F.W. Roeth, P.L. Sprankle, L.J. Tarochione, C.N. Tinius, R.H. Walker, L.M. Wax, H.D. Weigelt, and S.R. Padgette. 1995. Yield evaluation of a glyphosphate-tolerant soybean line after treatment with glyphosphate. Crop Sci. 35:1461-1467
Elmore, R.W., F.W. Roeth, R.N. Klein, S.Z. Knezevic, A. Martin, L.A. Nelson, and C.A. Shapiro. 2001. Glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivar response to glyphosate. Agron. J. 93:404-407.
Elmore, R.W., F.W. Roeth, L.A. Nelson, C.A. Shapiro, R.N. Klein, S.Z. Knezevic, and A. Martin. 2001. Glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivar yields compared with sister lines. Agron. J. 93:408-412.
Gertz, Jr. J. M., Vencill, W. K., and Hill, N. S. 1999. Tolerance of transgenic soybean (Glycine max) to heat stress. In “The 1999 Brighton Conference–Weeds : proceedings of an international conference organised by the British Crop Protection Council held at the Brighton Centre, Brighton, UK, 15-18 November 1999” pp. 835-840, The Council, Farnham, Surrey, UK.
King CA, Purcell LC, Vories ED 2001 Plant growth and nitrogenase activity of glyphosate-tolerant soybean in response to foliar glyphosate applications. Agron J 93:179-186.
List,G.R., F. Orthoefer, N. Taylor, T. Nelsen, and S.L. Abidi. 1999. Characterization of phospholipids from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans. JAOCS 76:57-60.
Nelson,K.A. and K.A.Renner. 1999. Cost-effective weed management in wide- and narrow-row glyphosate resistant soybean. J.Prod.Agric 12:361-465. Padgette, S.R., K.H. Kolacz, X. Delannay, D.B. Re, B.J. LaVallee, C.N. Tinius, W.K. Rhodes, Y.I. Otero, G.F. Barry, D.A. Eichholz, V.M. Peschke, D.L. Nida, N.B. Taylor, and G.M. Kishore. 1995. Development, identification, and characterization of a glyphosate-tolerant soybean line. Crop Sci. 35:1451-1461.
Pline,W.A., J.Wu, and K.K.Hatzios. 1999. Effects of temperature and chemical additives on response of transgenic herbicide-resistant soybeans to glufosinate and glyphosate applications. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 65:119-131.
Sanago, S., XB Yang, and H. Scherm. 2000. Effects of herbicides on Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines and development of sudden death syndrome in glyphosate-tolerant soybean. Phytopathology 90:57-66.
Sneller CH (2003) Impact of transgenic genotypes and subdivision on diversity within elite North American soybean germplasm. Crop Sci 43:409-414.
Windels, P., I. Taverniers, A. Depicker, E. Van Bockstael, M. DeLoose. 2001. Characterisation of the Roundup Ready soybean insert. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 213:107-112.
Return to top
Detection
Alary, R., A. Serin, D. Maury, H. Ben Jouira, J. P. Sirven, M. F. Gautier & P. Joudrier (2002) Comparison of simplex and duplex real-time PCR for the quantification of GMO in maize and soybean. Food Control, 13.
Alcantara,G.B, A. Barison, M. da Silva Santos, L.P.S.Santos, J.F.F de Toledo,and A.G. Ferreira.(2010) Assessment of genetically modified soybean crops and different cultivars by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Orbital, Vol.2,No.1.
Berdal, K. G. & A. Holst-Jensen (2001) Roundup Ready (R) soybean event-specific real-time quantitative PCR assay and estimation of the practical detection and quantification limits in GMO analyses. European Food Research and Technology, 213.
Dalla Costa L, L Martinelli. 2007. Development of a Real-Time PCR method based on duplo target plasmids for determining an unexpected genetically modified soybean intermix with feed components. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55: 1264-1273.
Fagan, J., B. Schoel, A. Haegert, J. Moore, and J. Beeby. 2001. Performance assessment under field conditions of a rapid immunological test for transgenic soybeans. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 36:357-367.
Feriotto, G., M. Borgatti, C. Mischiati, N. Bianchi & R. Gambari (2002) Biosensor technology and surface plasmon resonance for real-time detection of genetically modified roundup ready soybean gene sequences. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50.
Gao, H. W., M. Sun, C. Lin, and S. B. Wang, 2012, Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Graphene and TiO2 Nanorods Composite Film for the Detection of Transgenic Soybean Gene Sequence of MON89788: Electroanalysis, v. 24, p. 2283-2290.
Gryson, N., K. Messens & K. Dewettinck (2004) Influence of different oil-refining parameters and sampling size on the detection of genetically modified DNA in soybean oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 81.
Jankiewicz, A., Broll, H., and Zagon, J. (1999). The official method for the detection of genetically modified soybeans (German Food Act LMBG section 35): a semi-quantitative study of sensitivity limits with glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (Roundup Ready) and insect-resistant Bt maize (Maximizer). Eur Food Res Technol 209:77-82.
Koppel, R., F. van Velsen, N. Felderer, and T. Bucher, 2012, Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of DNA from four transgenic soy Mon89788, A5547-127, Roundup Ready, A2704-12 and lectin: European Food Research and Technology, v. 235, p. 23-28.
Lerat, S., L. S. England, M. L. Vincent, K. P. Pauls, C. J. Swanton, J. N. Klironomos & J. T. Trevors (2005) Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of the transgenes for roundup ready corn and roundup ready soybean in soil samples. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53.
Lipp, M., E Anklam, P Brodmann, K Pietsch, J Pauwels. 1999. Results of an interlaboratory assessment of a screening method of genetically modified organisms in soy beans and maize. Food Control 10:379-383.
Lipp,M., P. Brodmann, K. Pietsch, J. Pauwels, and E. Anklam. 1999. IUAPC collaborative trial study of a method to detect genetically modified soy beans and maize in dried powder. Journal of AOAC International 82:923-928.
Luna, A. S., A. P. da Silva, J. S. A. Pinho, J. Ferre, and R. Boque, 2013, Rapid characterization of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean oils by chemometric methods using NIR spectroscopy: Spectrochimica Acta Part a-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, v. 100, p. 115-119.
Main, C. L., V. R. Pantalone & T. C. Mueller (2004) A novel approach to determine the glyphosate tolerant trait in soybeans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52.
Matsuoka, T., Y. Kawashima, H. Akiyama, H. Miura, Y. Goda, T. Sebata, K. Isshiki, M.Toyoda, and A. Hino. 1999. A detection method for recombinant DNA from genetically modified soybeans and processed foods containing them. J.Food.Hyg.Soc.Japan 40:149-157.
Pietsch,K., A.Bluth, A.Wurz, and H.U.Waiblinger. 1999. Kompetitive PCR zur Quantifizierung konventioneller und transgener Lebensmittelbestandteile. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 95:57-59.
Rogan, GJ, YA Dudin, TC Lee, KM Magin, JD Astwood, NS Bhakta, JN Leach, PR Sanders, RL Fuchs. 1999. Immunogiagnostic methods for detection of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in Roundup Ready® soybeans. Food Control 10:407-414.
Shirai, N., K. Momma, S. Ozawa, W. Hashimoto, M. Kito, S. Utsumi, and K. Murata. 1998. Safety assessment of genetically engineered food: detection and monitoring of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 62:1461-1464.
Straub,J.A., C.Hertel, and W.P.Hammes. 1999. Limits of a PCR-based detection method for genetically modified soya beans in wheat bread production. Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch A 208:77-82.
Takabatake, R., H. Akiyama, K. Sakata, M. Onishi, T. Koiwa, S. Futo, Y. Minegishi, R. Teshima, J. Mano, S. Furui & K. Kitta (2011) Development and Evaluation of Event-Specific Quantitative PCR Method for Genetically Modified Soybean A2704-12. Food Hygiene and Safety Science, 52, 100-107.
Terry, C. F., D. J. Shanahan, L. D. Ballam, N. Harris, D. G. McDonnell & H. C. Parkes (2002) Real-time detection of genetically modified soya using lightcycler and ABI 7700 platforms with TaqMan, Scorpion, and SYBR Green I chemistries. Journal of Aoac International, 85.
Terry, C. F. & N. Harris (2001) Event-specific detection of Roundup Ready Soya using two different real time PCR detection chemistries. European Food Research and Technology, 213.
Vaitilingom M., H Pijnenburg, F Gendre, and P Brignon. 1999. Real-time quantitive PCR detection of genetically modified Maximizer maize and Roundup Ready soybean in some representative foods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:5261-5266.
Van Hoef, A.M.A., E.J. Kok, E. Bouw, H.A. Kuiper, and J. Keijer. 1998. Development and application of a selective detection method for genetically modified soy and soy-derived products. Food Additives and Contaminants 15:767-774.
Waiblinger, H. U., M. Gutmann, J. Hadrich, and K. Pietsch. 2001. Validierung der Real-timw PCR zur Quantifizierung von gentechnisch veranderter Soja. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Runschau, 97, 121-125.
Wu, H. H., Y. Zhang, C. Q. Zhu, X. Xiao, X. H. Zhou, S. Xu, W. B. Shen, and M. Huang, 2012, Presence of CP4-EPSPS Component in Roundup Ready Soybean-Derived Food Products: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 13, p. 1919-1932.
Wurz, A., H. Riggeberg, P. Brodmann, H.U. Waiblinger, and K. Pietsch. 1998. DNA-Extraktionsmethode fir den Nachweis gentechnisch verinderter Soja in Sojalecithin. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 94:159-161.
Xu W-T, Huang K-L, Deng A-K, Liang Z-h, Luo Y-B (2007). Variations of tissue DNA density and nuclear DNA content in soybean lines and their impacts on the GMO quantification. Food Control, 18, 1300-1306.
Return to top
Economics
Barnes, R.L. (2000) Why the American Soybean Association supports transgenic soybeans. Pest Manag Sci 56:580-583.
Bonny, S. (2008). Genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA: adoption factors, impacts and prospects. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28: 21-32.
Brookes G and Barfoot P (2005) GM crops: The global economic and environmental impact– the first nine years 1996-2004. AgBioForum 8:187-196.
Carpenter J (2001) Case Studies in Benefits and Risks of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans and Bt Field Corn. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy.
Carpenter J (2001) Comparing Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean Yields 1999. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy.
Pengue WA (2000) Herbicide tolerant soybean: Just another step in a technology treadmill? Biotechnology and Development Monitor 43:11-14.
Roberts,R.K., R. Pendergrass, and R.M.Hayes. 1999. Economic analysis of alternative herbicide regimes on Roundup Ready soybeans. J.Prod.Agric 12:449-454.
Return to top
Environmental Impacts
Altieri M, Pengue W. (2006) GM soybean: Latin America’s new coloniser. Seedling January: 13- 17.
Bott, S., T. Tesfamariam, H. Candan, I. Cakmak, V. Roemheld & G. Neumann (2008) Glyphosate-induced impairment of plant growth and micronutrient status in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant and Soil, 312.
Brookes G and Barfoot P (2005) GM crops: The global economic and environmental impact– the first nine years 1996-2004. AgBioForum 8:187-196.
Gulden RH, Lerat S, Hart MM, Powell JR, Trevors JT, Pauls KP, Klironomos JN, Swanton CJ (2005) Quantitation of transgenic plant DNA in leachate water: real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. J Agric Food Chem 53: 5858-5865.
Huang, Wen-Kun, Huan Peng,Gao-Feng Wang,Jiang-Kuan Cui, Lin-Feng Zhu, Hai-Bo Long,De-Liang Peng, 2014,Assessment of gene ?ow from glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean to conventional soybean in China, Acta Physiol Plant, online.
Return to top
Molecular Characterization
Padgette, S.R., K.H. Kolacz, X. Delannay, D.B. Re, B.J. LaVallee, C.N. Tinius, W.K. Rhodes, Y.I. Otero, G.F. Barry, D.A. Eichholz, V.M. Peschke, D.L. Nida, N.B. Taylor, and G.M. Kishore. 1995. Development, identification, and characterization of a glyphosate-tolerant soybean line. Crop Sci. 35:1451-1461.
Padgette, S.R., N.B. Taylor, D.L. Nida, M.R. Bailey, J. MacDonald, L.R. Holden, and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. The composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J. Nutr. 126:702-716.
Rang, A., B. Linke & B. Jansen (2005) Detection of RNA variants transcribed from the transgene in Roundup Ready soybean. European Food Research and Technology, 220, 438-443.
Taylor, N. B., Fuchs, R. L., MacDonald, J., Shariff, A. R., and Padgette, S. R. (1999). Compositional analysis of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans treated with glyphosate. J Agric Food Chem 47:4469-4473.
Windels, P., I. Taverniers, A. Depicker, E. Van Bockstaele, and M. De Loose. 2001. Characterisation of the Roundup Ready soybean insert. European Food Research and Technology 213:107-112.
Return to top
Non-Target Effects
Arregui, M. C., A. Lenardon, D. Sanchez, M. I. Maitre, R. Scotta & S. Enrique (2004) Monitoring glyphosate residues in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean. Pest Management Science, 60.
Jackson RE, Pitre HN. (2004) Influence of Roundup Ready® soybean production systems and glyphosate application on pest and beneficial insects in wide-row soybean. J Agric Urban Entomol 21: 61-70.
Morjan WE, Pedigo LF. (2002) Suitability of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans to green cloverworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Econ Entomol 95: 1275-1280. .
Return to top
Safety
Baerwald Bohm, G. M. & C. V. Rombaldi (2010) Genetic transformation and the use glyphosate on soil microbial, biological nitrogen fixation, quality and safety of genetically modified soybean. Ciencia Rural, 40, 213-221.
Burks AW, Fuchs RL (1995) Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate tolerant and commercial soybean varieties. J Allergy Clin Immunol 96:1008-1010
Harrigan GG, Ridley WP, Riordan SG, Nemeth MA, Sorbet R, Trujillo WA, Breeze ML, Schneider RW (2007) Chemical composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean 40-3-2 grown in europe remains equivalent with that of conventional soybean (Glycine max L.). J Agric Food Chem 55:6160-6168
Harrison, L.E., M.R. Bailey, M.W. Naylor, J.E. Ream, B.G. Hammond, D.L. Nida, B.L. Burnette, T.E. Nickson, T.A. Mitsky, M.L. Taylor, R.L. Fuchs, and S.R. Padgette. 1996. The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J. Nutr. 126:728-740.
Lapp�,M.A., E.B.Bailey, C.Childress, and K.D.R.Setchell. 1998. Alterations in clinically important phytoestrogens in genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant soybeans. Journal of Medicinal Food 1:241-245.
- Note: See rebuttal from the American Soybean Association
Magaia-Gómez JA, G López-Cervantes, G Yepiz-Pascencia and AM Calderón de la Barca. 2007. Pancreatic reponse of rats fed genetically modified soybean. J. Appl. Toxicol. Early View
Marshall A. (2007). GM soybeans and health safety–controversy reexamined. Nature Biotechnology, 25:981-987.
Tutel’ian VA, Kravchenko LV, Lashneva NV, Avren’eva LI, Guseva GV, Sorokina EIu, Chernysheva ON 1999 [Medical and biological evaluation of safety of protein concentrate from genetically-modified soybeans. Biochemical studies] [Article in Russian]. Vopr Pitan. 68:9-12.
Teshima, R., Ariyama, H., Okunuki, H., Sakushima, J., Goda, Y., Onodera, H., Sawada, J., and Toyoda, M. (2000). Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 41:188-193.
Yoshida, S. H. 2000. The safety of genetically modified soybeans: Evidence and regulation. Food and Drug Law Journal 55:193-208.